Eesti elektriturul on kahte tüüpi teenusepakkujad – elektrimüüjad, kes elektrit müüvad ja võrguettevõtted, kes elektri võrgu abil kohale toovad. Elektritarbimise andmete liikumine võrguettevõtete ja müüjate vahel toimub läbi keskse andmelao, mida haldab süsteemihaldur Elering. Contact online >>
Eesti elektriturul on kahte tüüpi teenusepakkujad – elektrimüüjad, kes elektrit müüvad ja võrguettevõtted, kes elektri võrgu abil kohale toovad. Elektritarbimise andmete liikumine võrguettevõtete ja müüjate vahel toimub läbi keskse andmelao, mida haldab süsteemihaldur Elering.
Võrguettevõtteid, kes elektri kohale toovad ja selleks vajalikku võrku üleval peavad, on igas piirkonnas ainult üks, sest nii on kokkuvõttes ühiskonnale odavam. Elektrilevi katab elektrivõrguga 95% Eestist, meie teeninduspiirkonda ei kuulu suurematest aladest vaid Läänemaa, Viimsi ning Narva ja selle ümbrus, kus võrguteenust pakuvad teised jaotusvõrguettevõtjad.
Soovi korral on elektrimüüjatel võimalus oma klientidele esitada ühisarveid, kus kajastuvad tasud nii elektrienergia kui võrguteenuse eest. Kui elektrimüüja ei ole ühisarve süsteemiga liitunud, laekuvad arved võrguteenuse ja elektri eest eraldi teenusepakkujatelt.
Eesti elektrisüsteem ühendab omavahel elektrijaamu, võrguettevõtteid ja elektritarbijaid. Elektrisüsteemis toimub nii elektrienergia tootmine, ülekandmine, jaotamine kui salvestamine, samuti nende protsesside juhtimine.
Jaotusvõrguettevõtjaid on Eestis üle 30, neist suurim Elektrilevi, kelle ülesandeks on hoolitseda elektri jaotamise eest põhivõrguseadmetest kuni tarbimiskohtadeni. Osa piirkonnaalajaamu ja 110 kV seadmeid on Elektrilevil põhivõrguettevõtjaga ühised.
Eesti Energia was founded in 1939. In 1998, it was reorganized from the state enterprise to a private limited company. In 1998–1999, two distribution companies (Läänemaa Eletrivõrk and Narva Elektrivõrk) were separated from Eesti Energia and privatized.[1]
In 1999, Government handed 51% of shares of Eesti Põlevkivi to Narva Elektrijaamad.[9] In 2003, Government transferred remained 49% stake in Eesti Põlevkivi to Eesti Energia. Also Narva Elektrijaamad-owned 51% stake was transferred to Eesti Energia and Eesti Põlevkivi became a fully owned subsidiary of Eesti Energia.[10]
In 2000, Eesti Energia and Latvenergo announced a plan to merge companies to create a new Baltic Power Group.[11] However, this deal was halted due to Latvian legislation forbidding privatization of Latvenergo and uncertainties around the NRG deal.[12][13]
In 2003, Eesti Energia tried to privatize Lithuanian distribution company RST. Although Eesti Energia fulfilled the privatization criteria and was the only bidder at the final stage of privatization, the privatization was halted by the Lithuanian Government.[14][15]
To implement the EU 3rd energy package, on 28 August 2009 Government decided to separate and buy-out the transmission system operator Elering from Eesti Energia.[26] The transaction was concluded on 28 January 2010.[27]
In 2010, the government considered the initial public offering of shares at the London Stock Exchange; however, this plan was postponed.[28][29]
On 29 May 2018, it was announced that Enefit Green, a renewable energy subsidiary of Eesti Energia, will acquire 100% of shares in the renewable energy company Nelja Energia for €289 million. In addition, it will take over €204 million of Nelja Energia loans.[30][31] The deal was approved and completed in November 2018.[32]
As of 2019, 100% of 4Energia''s shares belong to Eesti Energia, so it owns 17 wind farms in Estonia and Lithuania with a total capacity of 287 MW, a biomass-fired 3.9 MW electricity and 19.2 MW heat cogeneration plant in Latvia, and a pellet plant with an annual production of 140,000 tons.[33]
Eesti Energia produces and sells electricity, heat and fuel (oil shale and shale oil) and provides customer and consulting services. The company is engaged in the oil shale mining through its subsidiary Enefit Kaevandused, which extracts oil shale by opencast mining in the Narva quarry and by underground mining in the Estonia mine.[citation needed]
Eesti Energia produces electrical power and heat in Narva Power Plants, which provides around 95% of the electrical energy consumed in Estonia and supplies the whole town of Narva with heat.[citation needed]
For shale oil production, Eesti Energia operates the Narva Oil Plant, which uses a Galoter-type solid heat carrier technology process. The plant operates two Enefit-140 shale oil units. The plant produces about 1.4 million tonnes of shale oil per year. As of 2013, the new-generation Enefit280 plant is in hot-commissioning process.[citation needed]
In Utah, United States, its subsidiary Enefit American Oil owns or leases more than 30,000 acres (120 km2) of oil shale property in the Green River Basin. Enefit American Oil plans to build a 57,000 barrels per day (9,100 m3/d) shale oil plant.[38]
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