ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of theevolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolutioncompared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the landcomponent of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines modeldata with observations from across the world into a globally complete andconsistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data thatgoes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of theclimate of the past. This dataset includes all 50 variables as available onCDS.
The asset is a daily aggregate of ECMWF ERA5 Land hourly assets whichincludes both flow and non-flow bands. Flow bands are formed by collectingthe first hour's data of the following day which holds aggregated sum ofprevious day and while the non-flow bands are created by averaging allhourly data of the day. The flow bands are labeled with the "_sum"identifier, which approach is different from the daily data produced byCopernicus Climate Data Store, where flow bands are averagedtoo.
This problem is due to how the GRIB format saves data: it simplifies or "packs"the data into smaller, less precise numbers, which can introduce errors. Theseerrors get worse when the data varies a lot.
Because of this, when we look at the data for a whole day to compute dailytotals, sometimes the highest amount of rainfall recorded at one time can seemlarger than the total rainfall measured for the entire day.
Bands
Name | Units | Description | dewpoint_temperature_2mK
Temperature to which the air, at 2 meters above the surface of theEarth, would have to be cooled for saturation to occur. It is ameasure of the humidity of the air. Combined with temperature andpressure, it can be used to calculate the relative humidity. 2m dewpoint temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowestmodel level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmosphericconditions.
Temperature of air at 2m above the surface of land, sea or in-landwaters. 2m temperature is calculated by interpolating between thelowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of theatmospheric conditions.
Temperature of the surface of the Earth. The skin temperature is thetheoretical temperature that is required to satisfy the surface energybalance. It represents the temperature of the uppermost surface layer,which has no heat capacity and so can respond instantaneously tochanges in surface fluxes. Skin temperature is calculated differentlyover land and sea.
Temperature of the soil in layer 1 (0 - 7 cm) of the ECMWF IntegratedForecasting System. The surface is at 0 cm. Soil temperature is set atthe middle of each layer, and heat transfer is calculated at theinterfaces between them. It is assumed that there is no heat transferout of the bottom of the lowest layer.
Temperature of water at the bottom of inland water bodies (lakes,reservoirs, rivers) and coastal waters. ECMWF implemented a lake modelin May 2015 to represent the water temperature and lake ice of all theworld's major inland water bodies in the Integrated ForecastingSystem. The model keeps lake depth and surface area (or fractionalcover) constant in time.
The thickness of ice on inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs andrivers) and coastal waters. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System(IFS) represents the formation and melting of ice on inland waterbodies (lakes, reservoirs and rivers) and coastal water. A single icelayer is represented. This parameter is the thickness of that icelayer.
The temperature of the uppermost surface of ice on inland water bodies(lakes, reservoirs, rivers) and coastal waters. The ECMWF IntegratedForecasting System represents the formation and melting of ice onlakes. A single ice layer is represented.
This parameter describes the way that temperature changes with depthin the thermocline layer of inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirsand rivers) and coastal waters. It is used to calculate the lakebottom temperature and other lake-related parameters. The ECMWFIntegrated Forecasting System represents inland and coastal waterbodies with two layers in the vertical, the mixed layer above and thethermocline below where temperature changes with depth.
The mean temperature of total water column in inland water bodies(lakes, reservoirs and rivers) and coastal waters. The ECMWFIntegrated Forecasting System represents inland waterbodies with two layers in the vertical, the mixed layer above and thethermocline below where temperature changes with depth. This parameteris the mean over the two layers.
It is defined as the fraction of solar (shortwave) radiation reflectedby the snow, across the solar spectrum, for both direct and diffuseradiation. It is a measure of the reflectivity of the snow coveredgrid cells. Values vary between 0 and 1. Typically, snow and ice havehigh reflectivity with albedo values of 0.8 and above.
Mass of snow per cubic meter in the snow layer. The ECMWF IntegratedForecast System (IFS) model represents snow as a single additionallayer over the uppermost soil level. The snow may cover all or part ofthe grid box.
Depth of snow from the snow-covered area of a grid box. Its units aremeters of water equivalent, so it is the depth the water would have ifthe snow melted and was spread evenly over the whole grid box.The ECMWF Integrated Forecast System represents snow as a singleadditional layer over the uppermost soil level. The snow may cover allor part of the grid box.
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