The history of the battery looks at the chemistry discoveries, commercial breakthroughs and applications. All listed by year so that you can look at the development of the battery as a timeline. Contact online >>
The history of the battery looks at the chemistry discoveries, commercial breakthroughs and applications. All listed by year so that you can look at the development of the battery as a timeline.
Leyden Jar – developed by Ewald Georg von Kleist, this devicestored static charge in a glass jar that was lined with metallic foil on the inside and outside of the container.
Voltaic Pile – Alessandro Volta invents the voltaic pile, an early electric battery, which produced a steady electric current. Alessandro Volta had determined that the most effective pair of dissimilar metals to produce electricity was zinc and copper, with cardboard soaked in brine between the pair. Distinctive Collections Spotlights – the voltaic pile
Electrolysis – Sir Humphry Davy began testing the chemical effects of electricity and found out that decomposition occurred when passing electrical current through substances.
Lithium Isolated – William Thomas Brande isolates lithium through the electrolysis of molten lithium oxide, obtaining enough of lithium to describe a shining, white, combustible metal.
Daniell Cell – John F. Daniell developed an improved battery that produced a steadier current than earlier attempts to store electrical energy. The Daniell cell provides a longer and more reliable current than the Voltaic pile. Developments of this cell are used in Telegraphy until the 1950’s. The Daniell cell has an operating voltage of roughly 1.1 volts.
First Rechargeable Battery – Gaston Planté invents the lead–acid battery. This is the first rechargeable battery, up until now all of the cells have been primary cells.
Mass Produced Dry Cell – National Carbon Company replace the plaster of paris in Carl Gassner’s patented zinc-carbon dry cell with cardboard. This makes an easier to mass produce design.
NiCd – Waldmar Jungnerinvents the nickel-cadmium battery, this uses nickel as the cathode and cadmium as the anode.Waldmar also experiments with replacing cadmium with varying proportions of iron up to 100%, thus inventing the NiFe battery.
Sealed NiCd Cell – Georg Neumann created a process to make nickel-cadmium batteries without the excessive formation of gas, allowing the production of sealed, leak-proof designs.
Lithium Cobalt Oxide – John Goodenough was able to expand upon previous work from M. Stanley Whittingham on battery materials, and found that by using LixCoO2 as a lightweight, high energy density cathode material, he could double the capacity of lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium Ion Rechargeable Cell – The first ever commercial lithium-ion battery is released by Sony. This cell has a gravimetric density of 80Wh/kg and a volumetric density of 200Wh/litre.
It is interesting to look at the cell energy density roadmaps and include the production energy density of the cylindrical cell. Why the cylindrical cell? Well, it''s the most complete cell in terms of function as it has a case that contains the working forces over the lifetime. It normally has a venting system and to date it has lead on the chemistry roadmap.
18650 Cell Format – Panasonic release the CGR17500/18650 and CGP40488 cell formats. The 18650 (18mm diameter and 65mm long cylindrical cell) rapidly gets adopted for small portable devices. Panasonic History
LFP / Lithium Iron Phosphate – LiFePO4 is identified as a cathode material belonging to the polyanion class for use in batteries. “LiFePO4: A Novel Cathode Material for Rechargeable Batteries”, A.K. Padhi, K.S. Nanjundaswamy, J.B. Goodenough, Electrochemical Society Meeting Abstracts
First Mass-Produced Hybrid Vehicle – the Toyota Prius is the world’s first mass-produced hybrid passenger vehicle. This uses a small 1.3kWh NiMh battery to allow the engine to run at optimal load and for a small amount of EV only driving.
Laptop Fires – 9.6 million laptop batteries were recalled, including four million Dell laptops. The Sony batteries used in these laptops had tiny metal particles included at manufacture that would later cause a short circuit. When the batteries were made, the metal case of the cell was crimped closed. In that process, microscopic shards of metal could have been released into the electrolyte of the battery and, in some cases, cause a short circuit – triggering overheating or a fire. The cost of the recall to Sony was $360million.
Who Killed the Electric Car? – US documentary that explores the creation, limited commercialization and subsequent destruction of the battery electric vehicle – specifically theGeneral Motors EV1of the mid-1990s.
First Electric Vehicle with >200 mile Range – the Tesla Roadster is the first highway legal serial production all-electric car to use lithium-ion battery cells and the first electric car to travel more than 200 miles on a single charge. The 53kWh battery pack weighs 450kg and contains 6,831 of the 18650 format cell.
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