In 2022, consumption per capita was 0.4 toe (67% below the ASEAN average). Electricity consumption per capita is among the lowest in Asia (around 300kWh in 2022, i.e. 80% below the ASEAN average).
The country''s refining capacity amounts to 51 kb/d, distributed in three small refineries: Thanlyin (20 kb/d), Thanbayakan (25 kb/d), and Chauk (6 kb/d). The refineries are old, and their utilisation rate is low (around 10%).
The Department of Research and Innovation under the Ministry of Science and Technology is preparing the renewable energy policy, with two main goals: developing hydropower by incentivising private sector participation (under BOT or as joint ventures) and increasing the use of alternative fuels by households, including biofuels.
In 2018, the MOEP (formerly the MOEE) targeted an 8% share of wind and PV in the power mix in 2021 and 12% in 2025. Ever since, the updated NDC unconditional target is a 13% share of wind and PV in 2025 and 11% in 2030 (17% in 2030 with conditions).
In its updated NDC (2021), Myanmar set the conditional target of reducing GHG emissions from the energy sector by 48% in 2030, corresponding to a reduction of 144 MtCO2eq compared to a BAU projection of 297 MtCO2eq. Under its unconditional target, Myanmar seeks to avoid 105MtCO2eq by 2030 from the BAU (-65%). The country has also set an unconditional target to reduce deforestation by 25% in 2030 (50%, conditionally).
The latest available data on Myanmar''s energy sector comes from 2016-2017, as presented in Figure 1 (Primary Energy Supply (2016-2017)). It can be clearly seen that majority of primary energy supply comes from waste and biofuels (51%). Therefore, the share of renewable energy sources in Myanmar''s primary energy supply is rather high (68%). According to the IEA, Myanmar is rich in natural gas resources yet, most of them (79.5%) are exported and only small amount is kept for domestic utilisation in 2016.
The power generation capacity in 2015-2016 is shown in Figure 2 (Share of energy sources in Myanmar''s electricity supply) that amounted to 15,971 GWh. Hydropower is the dominant source in electricity production (69%), while the remaining 39% are shared between various fossil fuels
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