Under its commitment to the EU renewable energy directive of 2009, France has a target of producing 23% of its total energy needs from renewable energy by 2020. This figure breaks down to renewable energy providing 33% of energy used in the heating and cooling sector, 27% of the electricity sector and 10.5% in the transport sector. By the end of 2014, 14.3% of France''s total energy requirements came from renewable energy, a rise from 9.6% in 2005.[1]
Biodiesel provided the largest share of renewable energy in the transport sector at 2,641 ktoe in 2016. In the same year bioethanol provided the next-largest share at 474 ktoe followed by renewable electricity at 233 ktoe.
The stock of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles registered in France passed the 100,000-unit milestone in October 2016, making the country the second-largest plug-in market in Europe after Norway, and fifth worldwide.[14][15]
In 2014 France was the world''s tenth-largest producer of hydroelectricity, and Europe''s second-largest after Norway, producing 69 TWh including pumped storage production.[10][25] In 2016, aggregated hydroelectric plants of greater than 1 MW capacity of the run-of-the-river or poundage type accounted for 10,327 MW, the water reservoir type accounted for 8,231 MW and pumped-storage type 4,965 MW.[16]
France opened Rance Tidal Power Station, the world''s first tidal power station, in 1966. It remained the world''s largest tidal station until 2011. Its 24 turbines reach a peak output of 240 MW with an annual output of around 500 GWh. The dam traverses the estuary of the Rance River in Brittany, connecting the tourist towns of Dinard and Saint Malo, providing both a roadbridge and footbridge. In addition the barrage is a popular destination in its own right amongst both tourists and anglers providing a pleasant walkway across the entire estuary.
France has an overall target of producing 23% of its total energy needs from renewable energy by 2020, encompassing 33% in the heating and cooling sector, 27% in the electricity sector and 10.5% in the transport sector.[1]
By 2016 France had achieved a 16.0% renewable energy share of its total energy use, a figure 11% below the target of 18.0% for that year. Figures for the transport sector was above its target while the heating and cooling and electricity sectors were below theirs.
France has been an early thought leader of the global energy transition. As host of the COP21 and the Paris Agreement, France is widely seen as a frontrunner in the energy transition by the international community.
France benefits from decarbonised electricity and the lowest per capita emissions of advanced economies thanks to the role of nuclear energy, which accounted for 71% of its power mix in 2019, and the role of hydro power (10%).
Since the International Energy Agency''s (IEA) last review of France''s energy policies in2015, the government has taken significant actions to strengthen domestic climate action on the road the net zero. The 2019 Energy and Climate Law legislated carbon neutrality by 2050 and a tighter emissions reduction pathway (an 85% reduction by2050 compared to 1990 levels). In 2020, the government updated the SNBC and the PPE towards the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050.
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